Evaluation of HbA1c Level and Other Risk Factors in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Study of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending in a Tertiary Level Hospital (2025)

Correlation between HbA1c and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is now a common and a global health problem in both developed and developing country due to dietary change, reduced physical activities, increase urbanisation, increasing age and unhealthy life style. Risk of diabetic retinopathy increases with increase in duration and severity of hyperglycaemia. HbA1c is the important predictor for treatment and risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications. So, correlation between HbA1c and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus is depicted in our study. We wanted to study the relationship between HbA1c and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus and correlate the severity of diabetic retinopathy with increase in levels of HbA1c. METHODS It is an observational study done in tertiary care hospital from September 2018 to August 2019. 200 patients who were referred from endocrinology department for funduscopic examination having complaints of vision loss were enrolled in the study. Age, sex, duration of diabetes, FBS, PPBS, HbA1c value, and funduscopy findings were recorded. Patients were followed up for 3 months. RESULTS 200 patients were included in the study. 115 (57.5%) were male, 85 (42.5%) were female. Male:Female ratio was 1.35:1.80 (40%), had HbA1c value >14.5; 50 (25%) patients had 12.6-14.5; 38 (19%) patients had 10.6-12.5; 22 (11%) patients had 8.6-10.5; and 10 (5%) patients had 7-8.5. CONCLUSIONS Severity of diabetic retinopathy increases in patients with higher value of HbA1c. HbA1c is the predictor of severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Correlation with HbA1c in Patients Admitted in Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar

Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, 2021

Objective: To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients admitted in Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar and to correlate different stages of diabetic retinopathy with HbA1C levels. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, MTI, Peshawar from December 2019 to May 2020. All patients over the age of 15 years who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus were included in the study while patients with cataract or retinopathy due to other pathologies were excluded. All diabetic patients were admitted through outpatient department. In the ward their blood pressures were recorded and HbA1c levels were also measured. Visual acuity (VA) was checked. Screening for diabetic retinopathy was done by a consultant ophthalmologist by Optos Ultrawide Field Imaging of retina and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) of macula to establish stages of diabetic retinopathy and presence of diabetic macular edema respectively. R...

Relationship between HbA1c Levels and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology

Purpose: To determine the relationship between HbA1c and severity of retinopathy in diabetic patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Eye department of DHQ-UTH Gujranwala, from July 2020 to Dec 2020. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study including 100 patients was conducted at eye department of DHQ-UTH Gujranwala from January 2018 to December 2018. After approval from institutional review board, written informed consent with demographic variables was collected from every patient. Patients of either gender between 40-80 years of age with both types I and type II diabetes were included in this study. Complete ophthalmic examination including Best Corrected Visual Acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, Goldmann Applanation tonometry and fundus examination carried out. Diabetic retinopathy was classified from grade 0 to grade 5. Results: Out of 100 patients, 46 (46%) were males and 54 (54%) were females. Mean age was 60 ± 2.4 years with a rang...

Correlation of blood sugar and HbA1C levels in different stage of diabetes retinopathy

International journal of health sciences

Objectives: This present study was to evaluate the different parameters and correlation of blood sugar and HbA1C levels for the development of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: A complete assessment, general physical examination and routine haematological investigations were performed to all patients. A complete fundus examination was done with the help of direct and indirect Ophthalmoscope. Biochemical investigations (Blood Sugar- Fasting and Post Prandial, HbA1C level) were performed. Patients were called for follow up after 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Results: A total of 100 patients of diabetes retinopathy were enrolled in this study. Most of the cases 67(67%) were males with age group of 51-60 years. out of 191 eyes, most of the cases 72(37.7%) had PDR. Rest cases had 58(30.36%) severe NPDR, 46(24.08%) moderate NPDR, 9(4.71%) others and 6(3.14%) mild NPDR. HbA1c levels of the most of the cases 94(49.21%) had 6.5-8.5. Most of the patients 170(89.53%...

"Study of HbA1C levels and systemic blood pressure in association with diabetic retinopathy in patients attending KIMS hospital, bangalore"

Aim is to determine the importance of HbA1C levels and systemic hypertension in predicting the development of Diabetic Retinopathy and the relation between them Background: Diabetic mellitus is a important cause of avoidable blindness in both developing and developed countries.. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in India is 18% 1. The risk of DR is mainly attributed to HbA1C status,systemic hypertension and diabetic duration 2. A higher Hb1AC is associated with both increased incidence as well as progression of diabetic retinopathy 3. It has been observed that prevalence of hypertension is higher in diabetic subjects than in the general population and as it also plays a major role in the progression of DR, so tight control of hypertension is mandatory 4 Materials and Methods: Comparative, descriptive, non randomized clinical study comprising of two groups of diabetics above 40 years visiting for routine eye check up and clinically diagnosed diabetic retinopathy including both outpatient and in-patients at department of Ophthalmology, KIMS, Bangalore. GROUP A: Men and women >40years with type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1C levels <7% without systemic hypertension.. GROUP B: Men and women>40 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1C levels >7% with systemic hypertension. Patients HbA1C levels and blood pressure were measured .The diabetic retinopathy status was classified according to the ETDRS system. Statistical analysis was done. Results: The mean duration of diabetes in group A was 5.10±3.15 years and in group B was 12.20±6.18years. The average value of HbA1C levels was 6.42±0.41mmol and 9.63± 1.30mmol for group A and group B respectively At baseline, in group A 8.8% showed mild NPDR and 1.6% moderate NPDR. Whereas in group B, 12% mild NPDR, 33.6% moderate NPDR, 28.8% severe NPDR, 10.4% very severe NPDR, 15.2% PDR. At the end of the study, in group A 10% mild NPDR, 2.4% moderate NPDR. In group B, 8.8% mild NPDR, 26.4% moderate NPDR, 24% severe NPDR, 18.4% very severe NPDR, 13.6% PDR and 8.8% progressed to high risk PDR. All values showed statistical significance and presence of hypertension in group B patients showed a positive effect in the progression of diabetic retinopathy.

Correlation between HbA1c Levels and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy

DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL (Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro)

Background: In recent years, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has emerged as the world&#39;s leading cause of death with the potential to develop micro vascular complications in the form of retinopathy. HbA1c is an indicator to identify hyperglycemia and plays an important role in monitoring the development of complications due to DM. This study is undertaken determine the relationship between HbA1C levels and the severity of diabetic retinopathy in DM patients. Aim: To identify the relationship between HbA1c levels and different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Method: An analytic observational, cross sectional design, using patients’ medical record. Patient data consisted of gender, age, DM duration, HbA1c levels, and stages of diabetic retinopathy. Non parametric correlation Spearman’s rho was chosen for statistical analysis. Result: A total of 72 DM patients consisted of 29 men and 43 women with a mean DM duration 10.4 years. A total of 37 patients were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy ...

Association of HbA1c levels with diabetic retinopathy

Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

To study the association of HbA1C levels with diabetic retinopathy. A total of 330 diagnosed diabetic subjects of all age groups and genders participated in the study. They were grouped according to presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy. All patients HbA1C levels along with fasting blood glucose levels was obtained. Observations were made to find the association between HbA1C levels and diabetic retinopathy. Mean HbA1c level among diabetic retinopathy subjects (9.50) was higher than subjects without retinopathy (8.49). The difference was found to be statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). With high HbA1c levels high mean fasting blood glucose levels were associated (R value: 0.5856). This is a moderate positive correlation. As glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels increases prevalence of diabetic retinopathy also increases and there is a strong relationship between HbA1c levels and diabetic retinopathy.

The Association Between HbA1c and Other Biomarkers With the Prevalence and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy

Cureus

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be a significant public health problem globally. According to the American Society of Retina Specialists, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that causes damage to the blood vessels of the retina. In a Japanese study showed that HbA1c and fasting blood glucose values can be considered as predictors for the future development of DR. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of DR among diabetic patients in Medina, Saudi Arabia, and to assess its relationship with HbA1c and other biomarkers.

Can the level of HbA1C predict diabetic retinopathy among type II diabetic patients?

BMC Ophthalmology

Background Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) test is the best care evaluation measurement due to a strong correlation between the test results and diabetic complications. So, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess whether the level of HbA1C can predict Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Iranian population. Method One hundred sixty-eight diabetic patients were selected via the convenience sampling method. Data were collected by research made questionnaire scale and laboratory test had been done. To estimate the cut off point for some variables statistical tests, formal measures of classification performance, model evaluation criteria and a decision Tree were used. Results The prevalence of DR was 29.8%. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and decision tree showed the optimal cut-off point for the HbA1C variable that separates the patient with and without DR is HbA1C = 8.15. Conclusion Current study showed an appropriate cutoff point for dete...

Rapid reduction of HbA1c and early worsening of diabetic retinopathy: A real-world population-based study in subjects with type 2 diabetes

ABSTRACT Objective: Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy (EWDR) due to the rapid decrease of blood glucose levels is a concern in diabetes treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether this is an important issue in subjects with type 2 diabetes with mild or moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR), which represent the vast majority of subjects with DR attended in the Primary Care. Research Design and Methods: retrospective nested case-control study of subjects with type 2 diabetes and previous mild or moderate NPDR. Using SIDIAP (“Sistema d&#39;informació pel Desenvolupament de la Recerca a Atenció Primària”) database, we selected 1,150 individuals with EWDR and 1,150 matched controls (DR without EWDR). The main variable analyzed was the magnitude of the reduction of HbA1c in previous 12 months. The reduction of HbA1c was categorized in rapid (&gt;1.5% reduction in &lt; 12 months) and very rapid (&gt;2% in &lt;6 months). Results: We did not find any significan...